Protectores bucales en la prevención de lesiones traumáticas dentomaxilofaciales en adolescentes durante prácticas deportivas / Mouth guards in the prevention of dent-maxillofacial traumatic injuries in adolescents during sports practices

RESUMEN Fundamento: el uso de protectores bucales durante la práctica deportiva es fundamental como medida preventiva de las lesiones por traumatismos dentomaxilofaciales en la adolescencia. Objetivo: explicar la importancia del uso de los protectores bucales al tener en cuenta sus características, tipos y funciones. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura procedente de bases de datos como CUMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCOPUS y PUBMED, sitios web, libros y revistas en Internet, de artículos publicados durante los últimos 20 años, sobre los tipos de protectores bucales y su importancia para la prevención de las lesiones por traumatismos dentomaxilofaciales. Se encontraron un total de 60 trabajos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 30, se tuvo en cuenta su actualidad, relevancia y pertinencia sobre el tema. Resultados: el protector bucal es un elemento básico en la prevención de las lesiones dentomaxilofaciales en la adolescencia. En la actualidad existen tres tipos: prefabricados, adaptables e individualizados. Su propósito es distribuir la fuerza de los impactos recibidos en una situación de contacto, disminuyendo la posibilidad de sobrecargas puntuales. Conclusiones: los protectores bucales individualizados son los más efectivos para la prevención de las lesiones traumáticas dentomaxilofaciales y su función más importante es estabilizar la mandíbula y minimizar el riesgo de la contusión y las lesiones cerebrales. Los estomatólogos recomiendan su uso obligatorio en la práctica de cualquier deporte, sea aficionado o profesional.

ABSTRACT Background: the use of mouth guards during sports practice is essential as a preventive measure for dent-maxillofacial trauma injuries in adolescence. Objective: to explain the importance of the use of mouth guards taking into account their characteristics, types and functions. Methods: a revision of the literature was carried out from databases such as CUMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and PUBMED, websites, books and magazines on the Internet, of articles published during the last 20 years, on the types of mouth guards and their importance for the prevention of dent-maxillofacial trauma injuries. Sixty works were found, of which 30 were selected taking into account their actuality and relevance to the topic. Results: the mouth guard is a basic element in the prevention of dent-maxillofacial lesions in adolescence. Currently, there are three types: prefabricated, adaptable and individualized. Its purpose is to distribute the force of the impacts received in a contact situation, reducing the possibility of specific overloads. Conclusions: individualized mouth guards are the most effective for traumatic dent-maxillofacial injuries prevention and their most important function is to stabilize the jaw and minimize the risk of contusion and brain injury. Dentists recommend its mandatory use in the practice of any sport, being it amateur or professional.

Tratamento de lesão traumática em UTI: relato de caso / Treatment of traumatic injury in the ICU: case report

O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de tratamento de úlcera traumática labial utilizando protetor bucal em paciente internado em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Paciente do sexo feminino diagnosticada com uma doença neurodegenerativa apresentou uma lesão de aspecto ulcerado, de aproximadamente 12 mm na mucosa do lábio inferior. O diagnóstico foi de úlcera traumática decorrente de espasmos musculares involuntários em face. O tratamento proposto foi instalação de protetor bucal confeccionado a partir de uma moldeira pré-fabricada de EVA (etil-vinil-acetato) borrachóide associado à medicação tópica a base de corticosteroide sobre a lesão. Após 5 dias foi observada cicatrização completa da úlcera, dispensando o uso do dispositivo. Nos dias seguintes de internação não foram observadas novas lesões. O protetor bucal instalado mostrou-se efetivo no afastamento do tecido traumatizado de novos traumas, protegeu os tecidos não lesionados e proporcionou qualidade de vida e segurança à paciente. Este relato reforça a importância da Odontologia na assistência do paciente crítico... (AU)

The objective of this work is to report a clinical case of treatment of traumatic lip ulcers using mouth guard in a patient admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Female patient diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease presented with an ulcerated lesion, of approximately 12 mm in the mucosa of the lower lip. The diagnosis was a traumatic ulcer resulting from involuntary muscle spasms in the face. The proposed treatment was the installation of a mouthguard made from a prefabricated EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) rubber mold associated with topical corticosteroid medication on the lesion. After 5 days, complete healing oh the ulcer was observed, dispensing with the use of the intraoral device. In the following days of hospitalization, no new injuries were observed. The installed mouthguard proved to be effective in removing traumatized tissue from new traumas, protecting uninjured tissues and providing quality of life and safety to the patient. This report reinforces the importance of Dentistry in the care of critical patients... (AU)

Propuesta terapéutica de las manifestaciones orales del síndrome de tourette. A propósito de un caso / Therapeutic Proposal of the Oral Manifestations of the Tourette Syndrome. A Case Report

RESUMEN El síndrome de Tourette (ST) es un trastorno neurológico-conductual crónico que comienza en la infancia y la adolescencia. Su característica principal es la emisión de múltiples tics motores y fónicos de distinto tipo y complejidad. Se asocian a vocalizaciones involuntarias (ecolalia, coprolalia). A menudo empeoran cuando la persona está excitada o padece de ansiedad y se atenúan durante la realización de actividades calmadas o que requieren de concentración. Su tratamiento consiste en el uso de medicamentos que pueden causar efectos adversos o la intervención global de comportamiento para tics (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, CBIT), que es un tratamiento conductual no farmacológico diseñado para enseñar a los pacientes y sus familias un conjunto específico de habilidades para reducir la frecuencia, la intensidad y el impacto general de los tics motores y vocales. Se reporta caso clínico de paciente de 13 años de edad que asistió a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena por presentar úlcera dolorosa en cavidad bucal. Como terapéutica se decidió utilizar la placa de protección mucosa (PPM) en el maxilar, y se observó una disminución del tamaño de la úlcera y en el control a los 45 días se observó la cicatrización completa de la lesión. Se complementó el tratamiento bucal con la remisión a tratamiento psicológico de soporte.

ABSTRACT Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurological-behavioral disorder that begins in childhood and adolescence. Its main characteristic is the emission of multiple motor and phonic tics of different types and complexity. They are associated with involuntary vocalizations (echolalia, coprolalia). They often worsen when the person is excited or has anxiety and becomes less alert during calm or concentration-intensive activities. Its treatment consists in the use of drugs that can cause adverse effects or the global behavioral intervention for tics (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, CBIT) which is a non-pharmacological behavioral treatment designed to teach patients and their families a specific set of skills to reduce the frequency, intensity and overall impact of motor and vocal tics. We report a case of a 13-year-old patient who attended the University of Cartagena School of Dentistry due to a painful ulcer in the oral cavity. As a therapy, it was decided to use the mucosal protective plate (PPM) in the maxilla, observing a decrease in the size of the ulcer, and in the control at 45 days the complete healing of the lesion was observed. The oral treatment was complemented with the referral to psychological support treatment.

Prevalência e conhecimento do uso de protetores bucais personalizados em praticantes de esportes / Prevalence and knowledge of the use of personalized mouth protectors in sports practitioners

Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e os conhecimentos sobre o uso de protetores bucais personalizados (PBP) por atletas e professores. Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 2016 no município de Piratini, RS. Os participantes eram atletas e professores de escolas e centros de treinamento. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, sobre conhecimentos, práticas, experiências e uso de PBP. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva com o programa EpiData Analysis, V2.2.3.187. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 40 atletas e 7 professores, com idades entre 17 e 45 anos. A prevalência do uso de PBP entre os atletas foi de 32,5% (13) e 55% (22) não tinham conhecimento sobre PBP. Além disso, 77,5% (31) dos atletas e 100% (7) dos professores não saberiam indicar um profissional para confeccioná-los. Conclusão: o conhecimento sobre o uso de PBP é escasso, mas, contudo, há uma parcela de atletas que faz uso para a prática de esportes. Destaca-se a importância da necessidade de se investir em políticas de educação em saúde sobre protetores bucais em escolas, academias e centros de treinamento esportivo.(AU)

Objective: to describe the prevalence and knowledge about the use of personalized mouth protectors (PMP) by athletes and teachers. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 2016 in the Piratini/RS city. Participants were athletes and teachers from school and training centers. Socioeconomic data, knowledge, practices, experiences and use of PMP were collected. Data were analyzed in a descriptive with the EpiData Analysis program V2.2.3.187. Results: the sample consisted of 40 athletes and 7 teachers, aged between 17 and 45 years. The prevalence of PMP use among athletes was 32.5% (13) and 55% (22) were not knowledge of PMP. In addition, 77.5% (31) of the athletes and 100% (7) of the teachers did not know to indicate a professional to make them. Conclusion: the knowledge about the use of PMP is scarce and on the other hand, there is a portion of athletes that makes use for the practice of sports. It is important to emphasize the need to invest in health education policies on mouth protectors in schools, gyms and sports training centers.(AU)

Conhecimento e prevalência de trauma e adaptação ao uso de protetor bucal em uma população de atletas brasileiros / Knowledge and prevalence of trauma and adaptation to the use of mouthguards in a population of Brazilian athletes

Esportes de contato podem levar a traumatismos dentários, que muitas vezes podem ser reduzidos com medidas preventivas apropriadas, como o uso de protetores bucais. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o conhecimento dos atletas da delegação esportiva da cidade de XXXXX sobre traumatismo dentário, a prevalência e o tipo de traumatismos ocorridos durante suas atividades esportivas, a conscientização e hábitos de utilização dos dispositivos de proteção e por fim, avaliação do impacto das ações educativas e preventivas implementadas nessa comunidade. O estudo foi dividido em quatro partes: 1) Aplicação do questionário 1 (n= 94); 2) Atendimento dos atletas e confecção dos protetores bucais personalizados; 3) Palestra e entrega dos protetores e 4) Aplicação do questionário 2 (n= 41). Após responderem o questionário 1, os atletas incluídos no estudo foram moldados para fabricação dos protetores bucais. As palestras sobre trauma dentário e primeiros socorros, aconteceram com a entrega dos protetores bucais personalizados. O questionário 2 foi aplicado para avaliar o efeito da medida educacional e a adaptação aos protetores bucais. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste do qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. O conhecimento sobre trauma, demonstrado pelos participantes foi inadequado. A prevalência de trauma foi maior no gênero masculino (49%) e o trauma mais relatado foi a fratura dentária (12,8%) (p>0,05). 76,6% dos atletas disseram nunca ter utilizado protetor bucal anteriormente. Após as palestras, os participantes mostraram uma melhora significativa no conhecimento sobre trauma e 73,2% dos atletas disseram estar utilizando o dispositivo de proteção personalizado. Esses resultados evidenciam a importância dos trabalhos educacionais e confirmam o impacto positivo dos trabalhos realizados nessa comunidade de atletas(AU)

Contact sports can lead to dental trauma, which can often be reduced with appropriate preventive measures, such as the use of mouthguards. The objectives of this study were to verify the knowledge of athletes from the sports delegation in the city of XXXXX about dental trauma, the prevalence and type of trauma that occurred during their sports activities, awareness and habits of using protective devices and, finally, assessment of impact of educational and preventive actions implemented in this community. T he study was divided into four parts: 1) Application of questionnaire 1 (n = 94); 2) Attending athletes and making personalized mouthguards; 3) Lecture and delivery of protectors and 4) Application of questionnaire 2 (n = 41). After answering questionnaire 1, the athletes included in the study were molded to manufacture mouthguards. The lectures on dental trauma and first aid took place with the delivery of personalized mouth guards. Questionnaire 2 was applied to assess the effect of the educational measur e and the adaptation to mouthguards. The collected data were submitted to descriptive analysis and chisquare test, with a 5% significance level. The knowledge about trauma, demonstrated by the participants, was inadequate. The prevalence of trauma was hig her in males (49%) and the most reported trauma was dental fracture (12.8%) (p> 0.05). 76.6% of athletes said they had never used mouthguards before. After the lectures, the participants showed a significant improvement in knowledge about trauma and 73.2% of the athletes said they were using the personalized protection device. These results highlight the importance of educational work and confirm the positive impact of the work carried out in this community of athletes(AU)

Prevalence of facial trauma in contact sports practitioners in the Federal District of Brazil

Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral and dentoalveolar trauma among contact sports practitioners in the Federal District of Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a questionnaire developed specifically for this research regarding the occurrence of facial trauma, site of injuries, how they occurred, the approach is taken to solve the problem, and the use of several types of mouthguards. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software, and the chi-square test (X2) was chosen to examine the differences between categorical variables. The results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Results: A total of 141 athletes were interviewed, with a prevalence of facial trauma of 65.2%, which was higher in professional athletes (71.1%). Lesions ranged from soft tissue lacerations to combined trauma; and the most frequent injuries were soft tissue laceration (53.3%), combined trauma (16.3%), and dental fracture (9.8%). Only 20.6% of the participants required treatment for related injuries. Regarding the use of mouthguards, 34% of the athletes reported regular use of this device, and Type II mouthguard was the most used (39.7%). Dentists participate in the process of production and dissemination of mouthguards in 17.1% and 10.5% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: The data showed that most athletes are not aware of the importance of using mouthguards. The dentist must be more present in the area of sports dentistry, both for awareness and production of these devices, which support the safe practice of contact sports.

Atitudes imediatas dos praticantes de artes marciais frente à avulsão dentária / Immediate attitudes of martial arts practitioners against dental avulsion

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos praticantes de artes marciais da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, sobre avulsão dentária e como proceder mediante aos cuidados imediatos frente à ocorrência de avulsão dentária.Métodos: Um estudo transversal de carácter exploratório foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 60 praticantes de artes marciais. As informações sobre avulsão dentária, experiências e condutas emergenciais frente a avulsão dentária e uso de protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção foram coletadas através de um questionário autoaplicado. As análises dos dados envolveram estatísticas descritivas de frequência absoluta e relativa de todas as variáveis do estudo. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 26,88 anos (DP ± 5,06), sendo 73,3% (n = 44) pertencentes ao sexo masculino. Do total de praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados, 48% praticavam Muay Thai e 18% Taekwondo. O estudo mostrou que apesar de 61,7% do total de entrevistados terem relatado saber o que era traumatismo dentário e 23,3% destes terem presenciado algum tipo de trauma dentário, 85,0% relataram não saber como proceder mediante os casos de avulsão. Entretanto, 95,0% consideraram esta informação como necessária para a prática de esportes. A maioria dos indivíduos praticantes de artes marciais (63,3%) relatou utilizar protetores bucais. Conclusão: A maioria dos praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados relatou saber o que o era traumatismo dentário, mas desconheciam como proceder diante dos casos de avulsão. A maioria dos entrevistados reconhecem a importância e afirmaram utilizar protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção individual durante as práticas desportivas. (AU)

Aim:The present study sought to evaluate the level of knowledge of martial arts practitioners in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, against dental avulsion and how to proceed through immediate care in the event of dental avulsion. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 60 martial arts practitioners. Information on dental avulsion, experiences, and emergency behaviors against dental avulsion, as well as the use of mouth guards and protective equipment, were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative frequency of all variables in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.88 years (SD ± 5.06), of which 73.3% (n = 44) were males. Of the total number of martial arts practitioners, 48% practiced Muay Thai and 18% Taekwondo. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents said they had knowledge about what dental trauma was, although only 23.3% had witnessed some type of dental trauma. In addition, 85.0% have never received guidance on how to proceed in cases of avulsion, but 95.0% consider this information to be necessary for the practice of sports. The majority of the individuals who practice martial arts (63.3%) use mouth guards. Conclusion: It was concluded that most of the martial arts practitioners interviewed in the present study do not have knowledge about dental avulsion and about the necessary immediate procedures in the event of dental avulsion. However, most of participants use mouth guards, wear personal protective equipment, and recognize the importance of these during sports practices. (AU)

Do Dentistry and physical education students know the importance of mouthguard usage in sports practice? / Os alunos da Odontologia e Educação Física conhecem a importância do uso de protetores bucais na prática desportiva?

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of Dentistry and Physical Education students on mouthguard usage in sports practice. Methods A form containing questions that demonstrated participants' knowledge about the use of mouthguards was applied. Inclusion criteria were: individuals older than 18 years who were attending Dentistry or Physical Education courses from the sixth period and who agreed to participate in the study, and the exclusion criteria for dentistry students were: attended the discipline of Dental Materials II of UFPE and already participated in internships in schools or academies for the participants of the Physical Education course. Results it was possible to observe that 97% of the interviewees know what a mouthguard is, but none of the participants would be able to indicate a specific type of mouthguard to sportsmen. Conclusion It was possible to conclude that a large number of the interviewees know what a mouthguard is, but not enough to indicate which is the safest protector.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento dos alunos do curso de Odontologia e Educação Física sobre os protetores bucais nos desportos. Métodos Aplicação de formulário avaliando conhecimento dos participantes sobre o uso de protetores bucais. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos maiores de 18 anos que estivessem cursando os cursos de Odontologia ou Educação Física a partir do sexto período e que concordassem em participar da pesquisa, já os critérios de exclusão para os alunos do curso de Odontologia foram: não ter cursado a disciplina de Materiais Dentários II da UFPE e já ter participado de estágios em escolas ou academias no caso dos participantes do curso de Educação Física. Resultados: foi possível observar que 97% dos entrevistados sabem o que é um protetor bucal, porém, nenhum dos participantes saberiam indicar um tipo específico de protetor bucal aos desportistas. Conclusão que uma grande parcela dos entrevistados conhece o que é um protetor bucal, porém, não o suficiente para poder indicar qual o protetor mais seguro.

Dental trauma in contact sports / Traumatismos dentários em esportes de contato

ABSTRACT Objective Investigate the prevalence of dental traumas in participants of two contact sports (Judo and Taekwondo) and characterise some related factors. Methods Cross-sectional pilot study of observational nature, conducted by observing and collecting data and information. The sample consisted of 60 individuals of both genders aged between 5 and 15 years old, participants of Judo or Taekwondo. The statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Results The prevalence of dental trauma in the studied sample was of 38,3%, with the majority occurring outside the practice of sport (82,6%). Only 4 children suffered trauma whilst playing their sport, corresponding to a prevalence of 6,67%. In addition, all 4 cases pertained to the practice of Judo. The most affected teeth were the primary maxillary central incisors followed by the permanent maxillary central incisors, with only one injured tooth in most cases. The lips were the soft tissue with greatest number of registered traumatic lesions. A statistically significant relationship was observed between risk factors and the occurrence of trauma. Conclusion A high prevalence of dental trauma in the studied population was found. Despite no record of traumatic lesions in Taekwondo, this prevalence was particularly noticeable in Judo.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de traumatismos dentários na população praticante de dois esportes de contacto (Judo e Taekwondo) e caraterizar alguns fatores associados. Métodos Estudo piloto transversal com carácter observacional, realizado com recurso a observação e registo de dados e informações. A amostra foi de 60 indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de Judo ou Taekwondo no Parque de Jogos 1º de Maio - INATEL. A análise estatística envolveu medidas de estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial. Resultados A prevalência de traumatismos dentários na população em estudo foi de 38,3%, em que a maioria ocorreu fora da prática desportiva (82,6%). Apenas 4 crianças sofreram traumatismos durante a prática desportiva, correspondendo a uma prevalência de 6,67%. O único esporte predisponente para o trauma neste estudo foi o Judo. Os dentes mais atingidos foram os incisivos centrais superiores decíduos seguidos dos incisivos centrais superiores definitivos, e a maioria das situações afetou apenas um dente. O lábio foi o tecido mole com maior número de lesões traumáticas registadas. O hábito de utilização de protetor oral teve frequência nula. Verificou-se relação estatisticamente significativa entre a ocorrência de trauma e os fatores de risco estudados. Conclusão Foi encontrada uma alta prevalência de traumatismos dentários na população estudada. Esta mostrou-se alta no Judo, no entanto no Taekwondo não houve qualquer registo de lesões traumáticas.

Protetores bucais personalizados: aspectos clínicos e biomecânicos / Custom-Fitted mouthguards: clinical and biomechanical aspects

Protetores bucais são dispositivos utilizados com o objetivo de absorver as tensões geradas pelo impacto e prevenção de traumatismos dentoalveolares durante a prática esportiva. Este artigo apresenta, por meio de associação de evidência científica e relato de caso, uma abordagem crítica dos parâmetros envolvidos na confecção de protetor bucal personalizado em etileno vinil acetato (EVA) e funções durante o uso. A associação de ensaios laboratoriais e computacionais como método de elementos finitos é essencial para o entendimento do comportamento biomecânico dos protetores bucais. O presente estudo apresenta evidência científica sobre a eficiência de protetores bucais personalizados na absorção de choques e prevenção de traumas...

Mouthguards are devices used to absorb stresses generated by the impact and to prevent dental trauma during sport practice. This article presents the association of scientific evidence and a case report on critical parameters for the fabrication of a Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) custom-fitted mouthguard, and function during its use. The association of laboratory and computational tests such as the finite element method is essential to understand the biomechanical behavior of mouthguards. This study presents scientific evidence that proves the efficiency of EVA custom-fitted mouthguards os shock absorption and prevention of dental trauma...

Sanitization of sports mouthguards

Introduction: Mouthguards are removable intra-oral devices that, if used correctly, make the protection of the teeth and soft tissues such as gums, lips and cheeks from the impact during the sport activity. Objective: To know about the habits and attitudes towards the hygiene and use of mouthguards for athletes and evaluate the ability of a new product in spray form to decontaminate mouthguards. Material and methods: An interview by means of a questionnaire was conducted with 22 men, young adults, rugby players, in order to know their habits and attitudes about the use and cleaning of mouthguards. After this step, microbiological testing was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a test product in the decontamination of mouthguards. Results: The sample consists of young adults, well-educated, but who had little information about cleaning of mouthguards. Only one participant executed the decontamination adequately. By microbiological assessing the test product was effective in decontaminating the samples of mouthguards. Conclusion: The risk of saliva contamination of mouthguards, the hygiene care and storage and the need for disinfection of these devices should be better disseminated among professionals and especially among athletes. The test product was effective in decontaminating salivary mouthguards.

Mouthguard use in Korean Taekwondo athletes - awareness and attitude

PURPOSE: A survey was performed to identify the level of mouthguard use, awareness, wearability issues and attitude toward mouthguard among elite Korean Taewondo athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survey questionnaires were given to 152 athletes participating in the Korea National Taekwondo team selection event for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. Questionnaires consisted of three sections, mouthguard awareness, reasons for not wearing mouthguard and the last section to test the level of acceptance on current mouthguard and when the identified problems were resolved. For analyzing difference among response, chi2 test was used and significant level (alpha) was set up as 0.05. RESULTS: Responses in each of items showed significant difference (P<.001). Majority of response regarding each question: Majority of respondents believed that mouthguard were effective in preventing injuries (36.4%) but the result suggested that the provision of information on mouthguard to athletes was inadequate (44.0%) and the result showed that respondents were not greatly interested or concerned in relation to the mandatory mouthguard rule (31.6%). Although the responses on the level of comfort and wearability of mouthguard were negative (34.8%), athletes were positively willing to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified (51.2%). CONCLUSION: Considering the high level of willingness to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified, it is thought that together with efforts in providing more mouthguard information, the work of sports dentistry to research and improve mouthguard will be invaluable in promoting mouthguard to more athletes.

Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of occlusal stability to identify action mechanisms of mouthguards, known to have a modulatory effect on limb muscle function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 20 male subjects to perform the isokinetic muscle tests and the Wingate anaerobic power test on both knee joints under five closed-mouth conditions: without or with 4 types of mouthguards with thickness of 2 mm based on premolar area: (1) full-coverage, (2) anterior partial-coverage, (3) right posterior partial-coverage, and (4) left posterior partial-coverage. The obtained results were subjected to One-way ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by post hoc test of the contrast method (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the closed position with and without a full-coverage mouthguard in all variables. However, significant differences were observed between with and without a partial-coverage mouthguard in muscular endurance during extension of the left knee, muscular power and endurance during flexion of the right knee. Additionally, significant differences were found between occlusal states with full- and partial-coverage mouthguards in muscular power and endurance during extension of the left knee. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate the elevation of vertical dimension by 2 mm or the inducement of occlusal stability had little effect on isokinetic muscle strength and anaerobic performance, while uneven distribution of occlusal force might have some positive effects.

Análise por meio do método dos elementos finitos de um protetor bucal para atividades esportivas / Finite elements analisis in mouthguard for sports ativities

O uso de protetores bucais na prática de esportes tem ampliado espaço no contexto da prevenção de traumas bucais, bem como apresentado melhoria no desempenho ao longo de sua história. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento do complexo bucodentoalveolar por meio do método dos elementos finitos. O estudo partiu de um modelo em formato esterolitográfico oriundo de uma tomografia computadorizada, o qual foi convertido para um modelo 3D pelo programa Rhinoceros® versão 4.0, sem protetor bucal (controle) e com protetor bucal de 4,0 mm de espessura em EVA (copolímero de etileno e acetato de vinila), os quais receberam duas cargas diferentes (500, 1000 N) no programa ANSYS® v.12 em regime quase estático e de caráter elástico linear. Pudemos observar que houve um padrão de comportamento das estruturas envolvidas quanto à dissipação das tensões geradas e ao se comparar o modelo controle com o modelo provido de protetor bucal houve uma absorção das tensões geradas em até 50%, permitindo confirmar a ação do protetor bucal em literatura e tornando o seu uso imperativo durante a prática de esportes, em especial as modalidades de maior contato.

The use of mouthguards in the practice of sports has expanded space in the prevention of oral trauma, and has presented performance improvement over its history. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of complex dento alveolar buccal through the finite element method. The study was based on a template stereolitographic format come from a CT scan, which was converted to a 3D model by the program Rhinoceros® version 4.0, without a mouthguard (control) and mouthguard 4.0 mm thick copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), which received two different loads (500, 1000 N) in ANSYS® v.12 under quasi-static linear and elastic character. We noticed that there was a pattern of behavior of the structures involved about the dissipation of tensions generated, and when the model was compared with the control model fitted with a mouthguard there was an absortion of the stresses generated in up to 50%, allowing to confirm the action of the mouthguard in literature and making its use mandatory for the practice of sports, especially the arrangements for closer contact.

Conhecimento e atitudes dos odontopediatras do Estado de Santa Catarina acerca de mecanismos de prevenção de traumatismos bucais relacionados a esportes / Knowledge and attitude of pediatric dentists in the State of Santa Catarina, about prevention devices against sport-related mouth trauma

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o conhecimento e as atitudes dos Odontopediatras do Estado de Santa Catarina acerca de mecanismos de prevenção de traumatismos bucais relacionados a esportes. Material e método: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, transversal, mediante levantamento de dados primários, por meio de um questionário composto por 14 perguntas, do tipo fechado. Resultado: Dos 256 questionários enviados, apenas 95 (37,1%) retornaram devidamente respondidos. A maioria dos profissionais (80%) realiza alguma orientação aos seus pacientes e repectivos pais/responsáveis, visando à prevenção de traumas. Durante a anamnese, a maioria questiona acerca de traumatismos ocorridos (94,7%) e práticas desportivas (63,2%). Em relação ao conhecimento dos profissionais acerca de protetores bucais, 96,8% relataram ter tal conhecimento; dentre estes, 79,3% já fizeram alguma indicação e 60,9% sabem confeccionar um protetor bucal individualizado. Dos 79,3% que já fizeram indicações, 71,2% indicam o protetor bucal do tipo individualizado. Em relação ao conhecimento a respeito das funções dos protetores bucais, 96,8% conhecem a função de proteção contra golpes diretos e indiretos, mas apenas 9,5% conhecem todas as suas funções. Os danos psicoemocional, estético e funcional, causados por um trauma na região orofacial, foram todos reconhecidos pela maioria dos profissionais (91,6%). Conclusão: Constata-se que os Odontopediatras de Santa Catarina apresentam conhecimentos e atitudes positivas em relação a mecanismos de prevenção de traumatismos bucais relacionados a esportes; porém, mais informações a respeito deste tema precisam ser reforçadas.

Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the knowledge and attitude of Pediatric dentists in the state of Santa Catarina, about prevention devices against sport-related mouth trauma. Material and method: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study through the raising of primary data based on a 14 close-ended (multiple choice) questionnaire. Result: Of the 256 questionnaire sent out, only 95 (37.1%) were returned. Most professionals (80%) instruct patients and their parents about trauma prevention. During anamnesis, most of them questioned their patients about trauma suffered during sport-related activities (94.7%) and about the practice of sports (63.2%). Regarding the knowledge professionals have about mouthguards, 96.8% reported to know about them, of which 79.3% have already recommended mouthguards, and 60.9% knew how to manufacture a custom-made mouthguard. Among the 79.3% of the professionals who have already recommended mouthguards, 71.2% recommended the custom-made type. In relation of the knowledge about the role of mouthguards, 96.8% were aware about the protection function against direct and indirect impact, but only 9.5% knew all their functions. Psychological, emotional, aesthetic and functional damages caused by trauma to the oro-facial region are recognized by most professionals (91.6%). Conclusion: It is concluded that Pediatric dentists in the state of Santa Catarina have knowledge and a positive attitude about prevention devices against sport-related mouth trauma, then more information about it needs to be reinforced.

Estudo da ação da saliva nas propriedades mecânicas de protetores bucais para esporte / Study on the effect of saliva on the mechanical properties of mouth protectors for sports

Introdução - A eficiência e a durabilidade de protetores bucais para esporte dependem diretamente da forma com que são usados, pois sempre se apresentam em condições básicas de presença ou ausência de saliva. Para observar se essa condição de uso interfere em suas propriedades mecânicas este trabalho observa através de modelo experimental de arcos dentais obtidos em epóxi, acoplados a uma máquina universal de ensaios Kratos programada para movimento de compressão, o comportamento mecânico de protetores bucais para esporte, confeccionados -m copolímero de etileno e acetato de vinila ? EVA, posicionados no arco superior. Material e Métodos - Foram formados dois grupos de estudo: protetores bucais secos e protetores bucais saturados em saliva artificial, sendo estes últimos obtidos através de análise de saturação com o auxilio de balança analítica para observação de ganho de massa. As propriedades mecânicas observadasforam força máxima e energia absorvida. Resultados - Os resultados foram submetidos a analise estatística t-student (p < 0,05). Observou-se que no grupo dos protetores bucais saturados com saliva houve redução da força máxima (p = 0,00) devido a plastificação do material, responsável pela redução das forças intermoleculares ocasionando maior deformabilidade do protetor atestado pelo aumento da energia absorvida (p = 0,05) quando comparado ao grupo dos protetores secos. Conclusão - Conclui-se que a presença da saliva altera o comportamento mecânico do protetor bucal confeccionado em EVA tornando-o mais dúctil, portanto diminuindo a probabilidadede fraturas dentais e/ou lesões em tecidos circunvizinhos.

Introduction - The efficiency and durability of mouth protectors for sports depend directly on the way they are used, mainly because of their frequent exposure to saliva. To analise if this condition of use affects their mechanical properties, this paper observes, through the use of an experimental model made of epoxy, connected to an universal testing machine Kratos programmed to compress, the mechanical behaviour of mouth protectors for sports, made of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer - EVA, positioned on the superior arch. Two groups of study were created: dry mouth protectors and artificial saliva saturated mouth protectors, the second of which was analised with the use of an analitical balance to measure the level of saturation through the gain of mass.The mechanical properties observed were maximal strength and absorbed energy. The results were submitted to t-student statistical analisis method (p < 0,05). It was observed that, in the saturated mouth protectors group, the maximal strength diminished (p = 0,00) due to the material plastification, that caused a reduction in the intermolecular force and consequently a bigger deformation of the protector, confirmed by the increase in the absorbed energy (p = 0,05) when compared to the dry protectors group. It was concluded that the presence of saliva changes the mechanical behaviour of the mouth protector made of EVA, making it more flexible and reducing the probability of dental fractures and/or injuries on adjacent tissues.